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| India Infoline Sector Reports | Wed, 18-Feb-2004 16:50:28 IST (GMT+5:30) | |
| Power | ||
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Coal, oil, gas and hydroelectric potential constitute the conventional sources for electricity generation in the country. Coal-based thermal power plants and hydro-power plants have been the mainstay of electricity generation. Oil, natural gas and nuclear power account for a smaller proportion. The all India installed generating capacity of hydro-thermal (including nuclear,gas, oil and wind) mix stands at 33:67. Mix and fuel-wise generation statistics Hydel potential Fuel prices The total coal reserves are assessed at 186bn ton which is suitable for power generation. The country also has some 5bn ton of lignite deposits suitable for power generation. Electricity extracted from these fuels can meet the growing needs in the next 100 years and beyond. As regards hydel generation, it is assessed that exploitable potential at 60% load factor is 84,000mw which could yield 442bn units of 'firm' generation annually and a further 150 bn units of 'infirm' seasonal electricity. Most of the hydel potential (about 75%) remains to be exploited. The country also possesses renewable energy sources in abundance. Potential generation capacity according to official estimates is 126,000mw. The largest source (79,000mw) however, is of ocean, thermal, tidal and wave power, technologies for which are yet to be established through pilot schemes. Solar energy also available in abundance needs to be tapped. Indian coal reserves are predominantly inferior in quality with relatively low gross calorific value. There are also adverse environmental consequences of increased use of these reserves for power generation. These considerations call for an integrated medium and long-term fuel policy for the power sector. India has shortage of oil and gas. While several schemes are being talked about to import liquefied natural gas (LNG), the lead time, costs and other implications are major variables which will determine its viability. Fuel Patterns - Dependence On Thermal Power India has estimated coal reserves of 186bn ton, enough to meet the nation's requirement for 100 years at current extraction and consumption rates. Abundant availability of coal coupled low gestation period of 3-4 years with thermal power plants (compared to 15-20 years for hydroelectric power plants), has encouraged a build-up of thermal capacity. Thermal power makes up about 72% of India's total power supply.
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