In the Macro quartet, we look at the daily trend of 4 very important macros that capture the financial markets outside of equities. The focus is on the trend of the 10-year bond yields, crude oil prices, price of gold and the Dollar rupee equation. While the thrust will be on the latest week, we shall look at the data for the month to get a broader perspective.
How the bond yields behaved in the latest week
The table below captures the bond yields on the benchmark 10-year bond in India. After peaking at around 7.5%, the bond yields have fallen sharply to below the 7% mark as can be seen in the table below.
Date | Price (%) | Open (%) | High (%) | Low (%) |
May 02, 2023 |
7.106 |
7.135 |
7.138 |
7.092 |
May 03, 2023 |
7.011 |
7.085 |
7.085 |
7.006 |
May 04, 2023 |
7.014 |
7.011 |
7.052 |
6.991 |
May 08, 2023 |
7.047 |
7.049 |
7.050 |
7.021 |
May 09, 2023 |
7.046 |
7.070 |
7.070 |
7.030 |
May 10, 2023 |
7.036 |
7.056 |
7.061 |
7.034 |
May 11, 2023 |
7.023 |
7.021 |
7.033 |
7.016 |
May 12, 2023 |
6.995 |
7.027 |
7.030 |
6.992 |
May 15, 2023 |
7.001 |
7.042 |
7.042 |
6.978 |
May 16, 2023 |
6.963 |
7.028 |
7.028 |
6.961 |
May 17, 2023 |
6.972 |
6.992 |
6.992 |
6.947 |
May 18, 2023 |
6.983 |
6.985 |
6.989 |
6.968 |
May 19, 2023 |
7.004 |
7.013 |
7.016 |
6.967 |
May 22, 2023 |
6.985 |
6.989 |
7.001 |
6.976 |
May 23, 2023 |
7.016 |
7.005 |
7.020 |
6.995 |
May 24, 2023 |
6.990 |
7.009 |
7.023 |
6.982 |
May 25, 2023 |
7.007 |
7.013 |
7.015 |
6.996 |
May 26, 2023 |
7.003 |
7.026 |
7.026 |
6.996 |
Data Source: RBI
When the US Fed had been very hawkish about a couple of months back and the RBI had also maintained a hawkish stance, the bond yields had touched a high of 7.5%. However, bond yields have gradually drifted lower since the RBI decided not to hike rates in early April. In the Fed policy announced in May 2023, while the Fed did hike rates by 25 bps, it has hinted at a strong possibility that the Fed may pause in June. During the week, the 7% mark remained the resistance for the benchmark 10-year bond yields. Had it not been for the uncertainty of the debt ceiling in the US, the bond yields would have tapered a lot more.
How the USDINR panned out in the latest week
The rupee showed a distinct weak trend during the latest week. That is rather surprising because in the month of May 2023, the FPI flows into India have been above $4.5 billion.
Date |
Price (₹/$) |
Open (₹/$) |
High (₹/$) |
Low (₹/$) |
May 01, 2023 |
81.770 |
81.795 |
81.814 |
81.715 |
May 02, 2023 |
81.750 |
81.795 |
81.961 |
81.715 |
May 03, 2023 |
81.755 |
81.788 |
81.872 |
81.670 |
May 04, 2023 |
81.710 |
81.762 |
81.829 |
81.652 |
May 05, 2023 |
81.700 |
81.718 |
81.827 |
81.652 |
May 08, 2023 |
81.770 |
81.711 |
81.836 |
81.659 |
May 09, 2023 |
82.100 |
81.787 |
82.162 |
81.771 |
May 10, 2023 |
81.900 |
82.105 |
82.114 |
81.875 |
May 11, 2023 |
82.090 |
81.926 |
82.195 |
81.901 |
May 12, 2023 |
82.173 |
82.120 |
82.244 |
82.095 |
May 15, 2023 |
82.237 |
82.244 |
82.388 |
82.182 |
May 16, 2023 |
82.264 |
82.239 |
82.317 |
82.160 |
May 17, 2023 |
82.400 |
82.272 |
82.460 |
82.260 |
May 18, 2023 |
82.720 |
82.453 |
82.797 |
82.348 |
May 19, 2023 |
82.878 |
82.767 |
82.953 |
82.623 |
May 22, 2023 |
82.840 |
82.809 |
82.903 |
82.725 |
May 23, 2023 |
82.830 |
82.835 |
82.890 |
82.749 |
May 24, 2023 |
82.670 |
82.880 |
82.897 |
82.570 |
May 25, 2023 |
82.733 |
82.680 |
82.821 |
82.666 |
May 26, 2023 |
82.570 |
82.745 |
82.748 |
82.542 |
Data Source: RBI
What explains the dichotomy of the rupee weakening against the dollar despite robust FPI flows. It has a lot to do with the global uncertainty engendered by the debt ceiling in the US. Ironically, the exorbitant privilege of the dollar means that in any global crisis, the US automatically becomes the preferred safe haven for investors. The dollar index (DXY) has strengthened in the last week and that is showing off on the dollar value. In the last couple of weeks, RBI has bene aggressively defending the rupee, as evidenced from fall in reserves.
Brent crude oil prices in the latest week
For a long time, the OPEC dominated the global oil markets and set the tone for pricing of oil. In the last few years, the focus has shifted to the demand side. Concerns over weak economic recovery and a likely recession in advanced economies kept oil prices in check.
Date |
Price ($/bbl) |
Open ($/bbl) |
High ($/bbl) |
Low ($/bbl) |
May 01, 2023 |
79.31 |
80.11 |
80.24 |
78.13 |
May 02, 2023 |
75.32 |
79.28 |
79.78 |
75.07 |
May 03, 2023 |
72.33 |
75.31 |
75.58 |
71.70 |
May 04, 2023 |
72.50 |
71.28 |
73.72 |
71.28 |
May 05, 2023 |
75.30 |
72.69 |
75.75 |
72.41 |
May 08, 2023 |
77.01 |
75.23 |
77.43 |
74.95 |
May 09, 2023 |
77.44 |
76.71 |
77.50 |
75.07 |
May 10, 2023 |
76.41 |
77.36 |
77.60 |
75.68 |
May 11, 2023 |
74.98 |
76.62 |
77.41 |
74.61 |
May 12, 2023 |
74.17 |
75.35 |
75.85 |
74.03 |
May 15, 2023 |
75.23 |
74.15 |
75.75 |
73.49 |
May 16, 2023 |
74.91 |
75.55 |
75.95 |
74.50 |
May 17, 2023 |
76.96 |
74.67 |
77.31 |
74.10 |
May 18, 2023 |
75.86 |
76.78 |
76.99 |
75.50 |
May 19, 2023 |
75.58 |
76.03 |
77.50 |
75.12 |
May 22, 2023 |
75.99 |
75.63 |
76.46 |
74.55 |
May 23, 2023 |
76.84 |
76.15 |
77.74 |
75.65 |
May 24, 2023 |
78.36 |
77.70 |
78.66 |
77.03 |
May 25, 2023 |
76.26 |
78.22 |
78.50 |
75.10 |
May 26, 2023 |
76.95 |
76.09 |
77.35 |
75.73 |
Data Source: Bloomberg
Brent Crude remained under $80/bbl through the week and even went as low as $75/bbl. It may be recollected that Brent Crude had touched a peak of $130/bbl last year when the Ukraine war had just started. The biggest concern today is not about OPEC cutting supplies. There is enough of slack in the market that will ensure that the price of Brent Crude does not surge too sharply. For now, it is weak demand that has kept brent crude oil prices under check. In the latest week, the strength in the dollar has also pulled down crude oil prices since oil is denominated in dollars and there is an inverse relationship between dollar strength and crude oil prices.
How spot gold prices looked during the week
The table below captures the international spot prices of gold in dollars per troy ounce (oz). A troy ounce is approximately 31.1035 grams. Here is a gist of gold prices in the week.
Date |
Price ($/oz) |
Open ($/oz) |
High ($/oz) |
Low ($/oz) |
May 01, 2023 |
1,982.05 |
1,991.34 |
2,006.05 |
1,977.05 |
May 02, 2023 |
2,016.28 |
1,982.81 |
2,019.54 |
1,978.38 |
May 03, 2023 |
2,051.11 |
2,036.86 |
2,080.72 |
2,030.34 |
May 04, 2023 |
2,051.11 |
2,036.86 |
2,073.29 |
2,030.34 |
May 05, 2023 |
2,016.54 |
2,051.73 |
2,053.13 |
1,999.30 |
May 08, 2023 |
2,021.39 |
2,015.95 |
2,029.63 |
2,014.10 |
May 09, 2023 |
2,034.17 |
2,022.24 |
2,037.70 |
2,019.50 |
May 10, 2023 |
2,029.51 |
2,034.19 |
2,048.22 |
2,021.57 |
May 11, 2023 |
2,015.55 |
2,030.56 |
2,041.44 |
2,011.19 |
May 12, 2023 |
2,011.15 |
2,015.19 |
2,022.56 |
2,001.05 |
May 15, 2023 |
2,018.41 |
2,011.72 |
2,022.20 |
2,007.28 |
May 16, 2023 |
1,988.60 |
2,015.90 |
2,018.94 |
1,985.47 |
May 17, 2023 |
1,981.72 |
1,988.94 |
1,993.13 |
1,974.80 |
May 18, 2023 |
1,958.05 |
1,981.52 |
1,986.12 |
1,951.97 |
May 19, 2023 |
1,976.56 |
1,957.40 |
1,984.09 |
1,954.05 |
May 22, 2023 |
1,969.43 |
1,977.80 |
1,982.66 |
1,968.40 |
May 23, 2023 |
1,974.73 |
1,971.99 |
1,977.80 |
1,954.29 |
May 24, 2023 |
1,957.01 |
1,975.19 |
1,985.30 |
1,956.51 |
May 25, 2023 |
1,940.34 |
1,958.13 |
1,964.95 |
1,938.86 |
May 26, 2023 |
1,946.33 |
1,940.69 |
1,957.40 |
1,936.84 |
Data Source: Bloomberg
Gold prices had decisively crossed the $2,000/oz during the early part of May 2023. However, in the current week the price of spot gold has decisively dropped below the $2,000 mark and traded as low as $1940/bbl during the week. Gold is normally a safe haven investment that works best when there is macroeconomic or geopolitical uncertainty. That is not the case any longer. Dollar strength also has played into weakening the price of gold during the latest week.
Gold is also facing other headwinds. Gold consumption demand from the traditional markets of India and China are slowing. However, even as consumption demand for gold remains week the positive impact of central bank reserve demand is likely to help gold stabilize. Also, as rates come down, the opportunity cost of holding gold reduces and that makes gold a more attractive investment.
The week has shown diverse trends. The bond yields have tapered below 7% while the USDINR has weakened beyond the 82.50/$ mark. Crude oil and gold remained under pressure due to demand concerns. The big trigger for the macro quartet in the coming week will predicate on how smoothly the debt ceiling impasse gets resolved.
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